Lewis : validus

validus, vălĭdus, a, um, adj. valeo, strong, stout, able, powerful, robust, vigorous (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cæs.; very rare in Cic.; cf. valens). Lit. In gen.: quasi incudem me homines octo validi caedant, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 7: quantus et quam validus est, id. ib. 1, 1, 143: lictores, id. As. 3, 2, 29: videmus ea, quae terra gignit, corticibus et radicibus valida servari, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33: legiones, Lucr. 5, 1228: leo, id. 5, 985; 5, 1310: tauri, Ov. M. 7, 538; 9, 186: lacerti, Lucr. 4, 829; Ov. M. 9, 223: vires, Verg. A. 2, 50: robur pectoris, Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11: validissima forma, Quint. 12, 10, 5: ventus, Lucr. 6, 137; 3, 509: aestus, id. 1, 300: fulmen, id. 6, 228: flumen, id. 1, 291: pontes, id. 1, 285: turres, id. 5, 1440: tormenta, id. 6, 329: bipennis, Verg. G. 4, 331: urbs valida muris, Liv. 1, 15, 4: validiores munitiones, id. 36, 17, 4; 24, 37: praesidia, id. 44, 35: robustis apta materia validissima est, the strongest, most nourishing food, Cels. 2, 18 fin. (cf. valens, A.): ptisanae usus validissimus saluberrimusque, Plin. 18, 7, 15, § 74.—With inf.: pondus sustinere valida abies, Plin. 16, 42, 81, § 222: (canis) validus servare gregem, Claud. in Eutrop. 1, 34.

In partic. Well in body, in good health, sound, healthy: salvus atque validus, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 7: jamne isti abierunt, Qui me vi cogunt, ut validus insaniam? of sound body, Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 2: si, ut spero, te validum videro, Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 3: validus male filius, i. e. sickly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 45: necdum ex morbo satis validus, Liv. 3, 13, 2: color validus, healthy complexion, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42.

Of medicines, strong, powerful, active, efficacious: medicamen, Ov. M. 15, 533; 7, 262: sucus, id. ib. 7, 316: venenum, id. ib. 7, 123; Tac. A. 13, 15 fin.: validissima faex aceti contra cerastas, Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67.

Trop., strong, mighty, powerful, effective: Jovi opulento, incluto ... valido viripotenti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1: aevi leges, Lucr. 5, 58: valida urbs et potens, Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4: fama validissima, Tac. A. 13, 8: ducibus validiorem quam exercitu rem Romanam esse, Liv. 2, 39, 2: delecti, quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientiā validum erat, Sall. C. 6, 6: mente minus validus quam corpore toto, Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 7: quam sit ingenio validus, Quint. 10, 1, 62: opibus, ingenio validus, Tac. H. 1, 57: vir gratiā et facundiā validus, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 12: Tiberius spernendis rumoribus validus, Tac. A. 3, 10; 4, 37: auctor validissimus mittendi secretos nuntios, id. ib. 6, 31: ad Caesaris amicitiam validus, id. ib. 6, 8: adversus consentientis nec regem quemquam satis validum nec tyrannum fore, Liv. 34, 49, 9: cum validae tum breves vibrantesque sententiae, Quint. 10, 1, 60: validissimum genus (dicendi), id. 12, 10, 63. —With gen.: orandi validus, Tac. A. 4, 21: colonia virium et opum, id. H. 2, 19: aevi, Aur. Vict. Caes. 16 fin.—Hence, advv. vălĭdē, strongly, stoutly, vehemently, mightily, powerfully, exceedingly, very, etc. (not in Cic. or Cæs.): ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10: quam valide tonuit, id. ib. 5, 1, 78: fluctuat valide mare, id. Rud. 2, 1, 14: ne tua vox valide valet! id. Pers. 3, 3, 22: vostra latera loris faciam valide varia uti sint, id. Ps. 1, 2, 12: amare valide coepi hinc meretricem, id. Merc. prol. 42; 48.—Comp.: validius clamare, Phaedr. 3, 16, 6: quo me validius cruciaret, Quint. 6, praef. § 8: quanto validius bonos inhibet pudor quam metus, id. 9, 2, 76: utros peccare validius putem, id. 10, 3, 12: abrogant fidem validius, Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 20: poëtae sunt molesti validius, Phaedr. 4, epil. 9.

Sup.: validissime alicui favere, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1: cupere, Plin. Ep. 9, 35, 1; 3, 15, 2.—* As a reply in the affirmative, certainly, by all means, to be sure: Ca. Legirupa. Ba. Valide. Ps. Pernicies adulescentum. Ba. Acerrime, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130; cf. v. 110.

In a contr. form, valdē, an intens. adv., strongly, vehemently, energetically, vigorously, intensely, very, very much, exceedingly (freq. and class.; cf.: graviter, multo, bene, magnopere, etc.). With verbs: quidquid volt, valde volt, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: nunc inhibere illud tuum, quod valde mihi arriserat, vehementer displicet, Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3: epistula tua, quae me valde levavit, id. ib. 4, 7, 1: de Vergilii parte valde probo, id. ib. 13, 26, 1: alicui valde interdicere, ut, etc., id. Rep. 1, 39, 61: non valde moveri, id. ib.: hos sermones ... lacessivi numquam, sed non valde repressi, id. Fam. 3, 8, 7: litteras tuas valde exspecto, id. ib. 16, 19: ille se profecisse sciat, cui Cicero valde placebit, Quint. 10, 1, 112.—Strengthened by nimis: tu vero eum nec nimis valde umquam nec nimis saepe laudaveris, Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1.—By tam: hoc est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31: nil mihi tam valde placeat, quod, etc., Cat. 68, 77: quem tam diu tamque valde timuissent, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: de remedio non tam valde laboro, Petr. 17.—By quam: vosmet videte, quam mihi valde placuerit, Plaut. Merc. prol. 103: quam valde universi admurmuraverint, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: significare quam valde probetis ea, quae, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1.

With adjectives: magistratus valde lenes et remissi, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 66: aetas valde longa, id. ib. 1, 37, 58: exspectatio valde magna, id. Fam. 15, 17, 3: cui me praeripere desponsam laudem, valde est iniquum, id. Har. Resp. 3, 6: homo et acutus, ut Poenus, et valde studiosus ac diligens, id. Ac. 2, 31, 98: mala valde est Bestia, Cat. 69, 7: quoties verbum verbo aut non dissimile valde quaeritur, Quint. 9, 3, 75.—With tam: quasi vero quicquam sit tam valde, quam nihil sapere, vulgare, Cic. Div. 2, 39, 81.—With quam: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3.

With adverbs: insanum valde uterque deamat, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 26: valde vehementer et libere dicere, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: illud valde graviter tulerunt, id. ib. 1, 17, 8: rem valde bene gerere, id. Fam. 1, 8, 7: valde multum, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 9.

Comp. (rare; cf. valide, supra): novit me valdius ipso, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 6: valdius oblectat populum, id. A. P. 321.

Sup.: quos valdissime diligunt, Sen. Brev. Vit. 8, 4.—* As a strongly confirmative reply, yes, certainly: Ca. Meam tu amicam vendidisti? Ba. Valde, viginti minis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 110.